Pierre Duhem

Pierre Duhem
Born	Pierre Maurice Marie Duhem (1861-06-09)9 June 1861 Paris, France
Died	14 September 1916(1916-09-14) (aged 55) Cabrespine, France
Education	École Normale Supérieure (diploma, 1882)
Era	19th-century philosophy
Region	Western philosophy
School	Continental philosophy French historical epistemology[1] Conventionalism[2]
Thesis	Étude historique sur la théorie de l'aimantation par influence (1888)
Main interests	Thermodynamics, philosophy of science, history of science
Notable ideas	Clausius–Duhem inequality Gibbs–Duhem equation Duhem–Margules equation Duhem–Quine thesis Confirmation holism Thermodynamic potential

Pierre Maurice Marie Duhem (French: [pjɛʁ mɔʁis maʁi dy.ɛm, – moʁ-] ^ⓘ; 9 June^[4] 1861 – 14 September 1916) was a French theoretical physicist who worked on thermodynamics, hydrodynamics, and the theory of elasticity. Duhem was also a historian of science, noted for his work on the European Middle Ages, which is regarded as having created the field of the history of medieval science.^[5] As a philosopher of science, he is remembered principally for his views on the indeterminacy of experimental criteria (see Duhem–Quine thesis).